中药外用剂型及应用

中药的应用在我国有悠久的历史,在中医理论指导下衍生出了一系列种类丰富的中药外用剂型,如:散剂、膏剂、酒剂等。随着科学技术的进步,中药外用剂型种类逐渐增多,如:栓剂、膜剂、喷雾剂等。对常用传统和当代新的中药外用剂型及其临床应用进行综述,以期为研发外用中药新制剂提供参考。     

屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室设计与应用

该文以屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室项目为例,详细论述了屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室的结构设计。研究表明,屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室排风口接近温室顶部,大大提高了通风面积,可快速除去温室内的高温高湿空气,达到快速交换空气的效果,同时可为作物生长提供自然光照。     

单壁碳纳米管载嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白亚单位疫苗的研制及免疫效果评价

为了筛选细菌的疫苗候选蛋白,本实验根据课题组前期的研究,挑选了2个嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白(A0KLQ6和A0KH89),以A0KHR9(OmpAII)为对照,通过比较外膜蛋白与碳纳米管载外膜蛋白通过腹腔注射与浸泡免疫模式,比较和评价斑马鱼的免疫反应与免疫保护效果。结果显示,腹腔注射组和浸泡组与普通蛋白组对比,碳纳米管载蛋白能够显著提高斑马鱼免疫相关基因表达量。腹腔注射组在5μg剂量下免疫A0KHR9、A0KLQ6和A0KH89蛋白分别获得61.60%、 65.39%和84.96%相对免疫保护率(relative immune protection rate,RPS),在5μg剂量下免疫碳纳米管载蛋白SWCNTs-A0KHR9、SWCNTsA0KLQ6和SWCNTs-A0KH89分别获得68.10%、77.50%和90.43%的RPSs。浸泡组在40 mg/L剂量下免疫A0KHR9、A0KLQ6和A0KH89蛋白分别获得30.80%、25.85%和37.80%的RPSs,在40 mg/L最高剂量下免疫碳纳米管载蛋白疫苗SWCNTs-A0KHR9、SWCNTsA0KLQ6和SWCNTs-A0KH89分别获得63.60%、73.74%和68.49%的RPSs。研究表明,铁离子限制下嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白A0KLQ6和A0KH89等能够作为抗嗜水气单胞菌的亚单位疫苗候选蛋白,而单壁碳纳米管载蛋白通过注射免疫与浸泡免疫均能显著提升免疫疗效,是一种疫苗的适宜纳米载体。以上研究为寻找高效的嗜水气单胞菌亚单位疫苗候选蛋白及佐剂提供了理论依据。     

与鸭C4结合蛋白互作的鸭疫里默菌外膜蛋白的筛选及鉴定

旨在筛选并鉴定与鸭C4结合蛋白（C4b-binding protein，C4BP）互作的鸭疫里默氏菌（Riemerella anatipestifer，R.anatipestifer）外膜蛋白。本研究将保存的R.anatipestifer复苏培养，提取外膜蛋白，以鸭C4BPα作为诱饵蛋白进行His pull-down及LC-MS/MS蛋白质谱鉴定，筛选与鸭C4BP可能发生互作的候选外膜蛋白；将各候选蛋白进行克隆、原核表达，免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体，利用Far-western blot验证与鸭C4BP发生相互作用的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白；针对候选蛋白及C4BPα各功能结构域进行克隆及原核表达，利用Far-western blot鉴定候选蛋白及与C4BP的相互作用位点；利用ELISA对补体因子C3b、C4b及C4BP在R.anatipestifer表面沉积情况进行测定，验证候选蛋白的功能。结果显示，经His pull-down及LC-MS/MS蛋白质谱分析，共筛选出3个与鸭C4BP发生相互作用的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白，即ECE-1、SODs和Omp62；成功获得3个外膜蛋白多克隆抗体，ELISA检测3种多克隆抗体效价均超过1∶6 400，Western blot检测3种多克隆抗体可以与重组蛋白发生特异性反应；Far-western blot结果显示，仅ECE-1能够与C4BP发生相互作用，并且只有ECE-1全长能与鸭C4BP相互作用，而鸭C4BP与ECE-1的相互作用区域位于C4BPα的SCR 2和SCR 3；当健康鸭血清稀释度为3.125%时，ECE-1抗体能够显著促进补体因子C3b、C4b在R.anatipestifer表面的沉积作用（P<0.05），当健康鸭血清稀释度为6.25%时，ECE-1抗体能够显著抑制C4BP在R.anatipestifer表面的沉积作用（P<0.05）。本研究成功筛选并鉴定出1个与C4BP互作的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白ECE-1，为进一步阐明R.anatipestifer免疫逃逸机制奠定了基础。     

棉铃虫围食膜中Bt抗性相关蛋白的分离与鉴定

棉铃虫是世界性的重要农业害虫。围食膜作为昆虫抵御病原微生物入侵及有害物质的第一道天然保护性屏障,其上可能存在与Bt抗性相关的受体蛋白。本研究以Bt Cry1Ac抗性和敏感品系的棉铃虫围食膜为对象,采用NuPAGE电泳技术、配体杂交、质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析等技术,测定了围食膜蛋白含量,鉴定了蛋白质的组成及与Bt Cry1Ac毒素的结合能力。结果表明敏感品系围食膜中蛋白含量为22.19%,抗性品系围食膜中蛋白含量为26.99%。抗、感品系棉铃虫围食膜上存在与Cry1Ac毒素结合的6个差异蛋白,推测其中棉铃虫羧酸酯酶蛋白和血影蛋白是2个有意义的抗性相关蛋白,2个新蛋白可能参与Bt抗性。研究证明棉铃虫围食膜上存在Bt结合蛋白且与抗性相关,为进一步明确Bt抗性机制、制定合理的Bt抗性治理策略提供了理论依据。     

Protectivity conferred by immunization with intranasal recombinant outer membrane protein H from Pasteurella multocida serovar A:1 in chickens

Recombinant outer membrane protein H (rOmpH) is a potential fowl cholera vaccine candidate. The present study was aimed at developing rOmpH formulations for intranasal administration. The rOmpH was purified and formulated with either Escherichia coli enterotoxin B (LTB) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as an adjuvant. Antibody responses in chickens intranasally immunized with rOmpH in combination with 2 different adjuvants were significantly increased (P<0.05) post immunization. Chicken survival rates showed that rOmpH formulated with ODN and LTB elicited 90% and 70% protection, respectively. Our findings indicated that rOmpH formulated with ODN elicited protection better than that formulated with LTB. Therefore, the vaccines formulations in the present study can be considered new intranasal vaccine formulations for fowl cholera in chickens.     

Hesperetin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells via inhibition of calcium overload

AIM: To investigate the effect of hesperetin on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis in the H9c2 cells and to clarify the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The H/R model was established and the H9c2 cells were pretreated with hesperetin for 4 h. The cell viability and cell damage were measured by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection. The apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. The intracellular calcium fluorescence intensity was measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The calcium-ATPase activity and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured by ELISA. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Hesperetin reduced the apoptosis of the H9c2 cells induced by H/R, decreased intracellular Ca²⁺ fluorescence intensity, elevated Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, inhibited the mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and increased the level of ATP (P<0.05). In addition, hesperetin significantly reduced the release of Cyt-C protein from mitochondria to cytoplasma and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (P<0.05). After using the calcium ion inhibitor nimodipine, the percentage of the cells with mitochondrial membrane depolarization was decreased, the ATP level was increased and the protein expression of mitochondrion-related apoptosis molecules were decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hesperetin reduces the apoptosis of the H9c2 cells induced by H/R, which may be related to inhibition of calcium overload and improvement of mitochondrial function.